apsul
Medication for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Area of
Concerns
NSAID or
Antipyretics
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants Opioids
Topical
(NSAIDs or
capsaicin)
Chronic low
back pain
Level of
evidence
Effective acute
back pain in first
week
Contradictory for
CLBP
Level III
No systematic
reviews found
Not effective
Not
recommended
Level III
Sustained-
release opioid
effective
May be
attempted
Level II
No systematic
reviews found
CLBP with
sciatica
Level of
evidence
No systematic
reviews found
No systematic
reviews found
No systematic
reviews found
Sustained
release opioid
may be
attempted
Level II
No systematic
reviews found
Neck
with/without
limb pain
Level of
evidence
No systematic
reviews found
No systematic
reviews found
No systematic
reviews found
Sustained
release opioid
effective
May be
attempted
Level II
No systematic
reviews found
Chronic
generalized
soft tissue
musculoskeletal
pain
Level of
evidence
Not effective
Level III
No studies
Contradictory
Level III
No studies
No studies
Sumber :
Evidence-based Recommendations for Medical Management of Chronic Non-Malignant Pain
Reference Guide for Clinicians of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Nov. 2000
brw
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 147, 2005
62