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RISK OF HIGH-GRADE CERVICAL

INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION IN HUMAN

PAPILLOMA VIRUS TYPE 16 AND 18

INFECTED WOMEN

I.G.N. Darmaja

, K. Suwiyoga

I.G.A. Artha

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology

and

Dept. of Pathological Anatomy,

Faculty of Medicine, Udayana

University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Objective : To examine the role of

HPV 16 and 18 infection as risk

factor for high grade squamous

intraepithelial lesions.

Subjects and methods : Case

control study on 31 high-grade SIL

(HSIL) compared with 30 control at

the Obstetrics and Gynecology

Polyclinics Faculty of Medicine

Udayana University/Sanglah Gene-

ral Hospital Denpasar. Specimen

from endo and ectocervical was

aqcuired by scraping and then

analysed by PCR.

Result : HPV 16 and 18 infections in

HSIL were found in 22 cases (71%),

in control 10 cases (32,3%); HPV

16 infection in HSIL was found in 16

cases (51,6%), in control 7 cases

(22,6%). HPV 18 infection in HSIL

was found in 17 cases (54,8%), in

control 6 cases (19,4%).

HPV 16 and 18 infection carry 7

times higher risk - OR 7 (95% CI :

1,16-42,15), x

=7,5 , p=0,04. HPV

16 carries 5,5 times higher risk - OR

5,5 (95% CI : 1,003-30,15), x

=4,9

, p=0,02. HPV 18 infection carries

6,5 times higher risk - OR 6,5 (95%

CI : 1,09-36,68), x

=6,7 , p=0,007

for HSIL. Approximately 63% and

67% HSIL can be prevented if HPV

16 and HPV 18 infection were

eradicated.

Conclusions : Risk of HSIL in

patients with HPV 16 and 18

infections is 7 times, with HPV 16

infection is 5,5 times, with HPV 18

infection is 6,5 times than those

who are not infected. Patients with

HSIL mostly infected by HPV 18 .

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHORIOAM-

NIONITIS AS RISK FOR PRETERM

LABOR IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL

K. Suardana*, A.A.N. Jaya

Kusuma*, K. Suwiyoga*, A.A.A.N.

Susraini**

*Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

**Dept. of Pathological Anatomy,

Faculty of Medicine, Udayana

University, Sanglah Hospital,

Denpasar

Objective : To examine the role of

histopathologic chorioamnionitis

as risk factor for preterm labor.

Subjects and method : A retro-

spective cohort study was done on

27 chorioamnionitis cases com-

pared with 27 control at delivery

room Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

Chorioamnionitis was diagnosed

histopathologically.

Result : Preterm labor was found in

62,96 % of chorioamnionitis group

and in 22,22 % of control group.

(RR 2,83, 95%CI 2,33 4,96,

2=9,16, p= 0,002). Without

chorioamnionitis approximately

47,78 % preterm labor can be

prevented

Conclusions : The risk of pretrm

labor in women with chorioam-

nionitis was 2,83 times compared

with women without chorioamnio-

nitis.

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRAC-

TICE ON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED

DISEASE AND FACTORS INFLUEN-

CING PREMARITAL INTERCOURSE

AMONG PT FLOWERS INDONESIA

WORKERS

Sarwanto, Suhartono Adjik

Health Technology Research Center,

Department of Health, Surabaya,

Indonesia

A research on the knowledge,

attitude, and practice of STD

(Sexual Transmitted Diseases) and

the influencing factors on

premarital intercourse among

adolescent workers was conduct-

ed using secondary data from

the Development of Health

Services Model Research on HIV /

AIDS Infected Prevention for

Adolescent Workers (Step II) in

1999 / 2000. The case studies

research was conducted at PT.

Flower Indonesia Pasuruan East

Java.

By using multivariate logistic

regression analysis (PIN = 0,15

and POUT = 0,20) out of 11

identified variables that may

substantially influenced the inci-

dence of premarital intercourse

among adolescent workers, only

3 variables have been identified:

length of work in the industry (p =

0,0779), income (p = 0,0426)

and knowledge (p = 0,1119).

The risk (Odd ratio) for prema-

rital intercourse among adoles-

cent workers who work in the

industry for 5 years or more was

3.5. The risk of adolescent workers

with income of Rp 200.001,- to Rp

250.000,- was 1.6, and among

adolescent workers with low know-

ledge (score less than 79) the risk

was 1.2 .

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Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 145, 2004 57

RISK OF IMMINENT PRETERM LABOR

IN PREGNANCY WITH URINARY

TRACT INFECTION

I Nyoman Nuada*, Made Kornia

Karkata*, Ketut Suastika**

*Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology

**Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty

of Medicine, Udayana University,

Denpasar, Indonesia

Objective : To determine the risk of

threatened preterm labor on

pregnant women with urinary tract

infection.

Design and method : Case-control

study on 50 women who visited

labor ward and obstetric polyclinic

in Sanglah Hospital; 25 with threat-

ened preterm labor and other 25

as control (term pregnant women

not in labor). The urine culture,

colony count and sensitivity test

was performed on their mid

stream urine

Result : Urinary tract infection was

found in 20% in case group and

12% in control group. Odds Ratio

1,83,not significant (x

= 0,595 , p

= 0,702). Urine culture found that

E.coli was the most frequent bac-

teria; sensitive to amoxycillin,

mecilinam, Bactrim@, Ciproflox-

acin and Fleroxacin.

Conclusion : The risk of threatened

preterm labor among pregnant

women with urinary tract infection

was 1,83 compared with pregnant

women without urinary tract infect-

ion.

Cermin Dunia Kedokt.2004; 145; 21-31

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RISK OF PRETERM LABOR IN C.

TRACHOMATIS INFECTION

A.A.N.M.A. Putra Wirawan*, A.A.N.

Jaya Kusuma*, D.M. Sukrama**,

M. Dharmadi.***

*Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University,

Denpasar, Indonesia

**Dept. of Pharmacology, ***Dept.

of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine,

Udayana University, Denpasar,

Indonesia

Objective : To determine the risk

of threatened preterm labor on

pregnant women with Chlamydia

trachomatis infection.

Design and method : A case-

control study on 20 women with

infection compared to 20 control.

All were patients in obstetric

gynaecological clinics. Both

groups underwent endocervical

swab and PCR examination for

Chlamydia trachomatis detection.

Result : Chlamydia trachomatis

infection was found in 80,00% of

case group and in 25,00% of

control group ( p=0,001 ; Odds

ratio 12,00; 95% CI : 2,70 53,33).

The risk of threatened preterm

labor in women with Chlamydia

trachomatis infection was 12,00

times compared with women

without infection of Chlamydia

trachomatis.

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FEEDING STRATEGIES FOR

CHILDREN

Husein Albar

Dept. of Child Health, Hasanuddin

University, Makassar, South Sulawesi,

Indonesia

Malnutrition may be caused by

inadequate nutrient and energy

intake or infectious diseases or

both. Exclusive breastfeeding is an

ideal nutrition and energy supply

sufficient to support optimal growth

and development during the first 6

months. Solid foods should be

introduced after six months of age

and breastfeeding remains to be

continued up to two years.

Parents may decide what and

when to feed, but children

decides when to eat and how

much they will eat; therefore,

parents have to let children control

their appetite. Do not feed a child

but encourage the child to learn

how to feed him or herself. Snacks

or drinks containing low nutrients

and calories should not be offered

because the child may lose the

appetite toward more important

regular food.

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hua

All things are double, one against another

Good is set against evil, and life againts death.

Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 145, 2004