488
| SEPTEMBER - OKTOBER 2010
ENGLISH
SUMMARY
Agreement of Spirometry
and Posteroanterior Thoracal
X-Ray Examinations among
Patients with Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
Puspita Sari Sugiyarto Putri, JB
Prasodjo, Bhisma Murti, Suyono, Sri
Haryati
Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret Univer-
sity, Surakarta, Indonesia
Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-
ease (COPD) is a worldwide public
health concern. COPD is character-
ized by some airway limitation that is
not fully reversible, progressive, and
abnormal inflammation due to noxious
gases and particles. COPD diagnosis
can be determined by spirometry or
posteroanterior (PA) thoracal X-ray ex-
amination. Their agreement, however,
has not been assessed.
This study was aimed to assess the
agreement between spirometry and
PA thoracal X-ray examinations. This
analytic study was conducted at BBKPM
Surakarta from December 2008 to Janu-
ary 2009 using cross-sectional design. A
sample of 30 patients was selected by
fixed disease sampling technique. The
instruments for this study were spirome-
try and X-ray equipments. Kappa Cohen
was chosen as the measure of agree-
ment, and its statistical significance
was tested by X
2
test. The data were
analyzed using SPSS v.16. The results
showed that there is a poor agreement
between spirometry and X-ray examina-
tions for diagnosing COPD, and it is sta-
tistically non-significant (Kappa = 0.27,
p= 0.143). Examiners need to enhance
their intra-observer accuracy in inter-
preting PA thoracal X-ray graph to ob-
tain a more accurate diagnosis. Patients
should be well informed on the proce-
dure of spirometry and give their good
cooperation to obtain valid results.
Keyword: Spirometry-PA Thoracal
X-Ray-COPD
CDK 2010; 37 (7) : 493-496
Whatman Flinders
Technology Associates
(FTA) Card as Polymerase
Chain Reaction-based
Molecular Diagnostics
for Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Sinta Sasika Novel
1
, Fenny
Firstianty
1
, Ratu Safitri
1
, Sukma
Nuswantara
2
1
Biology Dept., Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University,
Bandung, Indonesia
2
Biotech Coordinator, Sandia Biotech Diag-
nosis Centre, Santosa Bandung International
Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
Whatman FTA Card is used in foren-
sics, transgenics, transfusion medi-
cine, plasmid screening, food and
agriculture testing, drug discovery, ge-
nomics, STR analysis, animal identifi-
cation, diagnostics, pharmacogenom-
ics, and molecular biology. Whatman
FTA Card utilize patented Whatman
FTA Technology that simplifies the
handling and processing of nucleic
acids; used with virtually any sample
type, blood, cultured cells, buccal
cells, plant material, bacteria, plas-
mids, microorganisms, solid tissue, vi-
ral particles, and M13 plaques. What-
man FTA Cards contain chemicals
that lyse cells, denature proteins and
protect nucleic acids from nucleases,
oxidation and UV damage. FTA Cards
rapidly inactivate organisms, including
blood-borne pathogens, and prevent
bacteria growth including Mycobacte-
rium tuberculosis (TB). Storage sample
of TB patients can ease the molecular
diagnostic test using PCR and elec-
trophoresis so the examination will be
more effective and efficient.
CDK 2010; 37 (7) : 506-508
Influence of Hb and Gender
on VO
2
max level among
Darul Hijrah Students
Huldani
Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru,
South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO
2
max) is the maximum amount of oxy-
gen that can be delivered from the
lungs to the muscles. VO
2
max refers to
the speed of oxygen consumption, not
just the amount of oxygen used. This
research was an analytic cross sectional
study; conducted to determine the in-
fluence of hemoglobin level and gen-
der on maximum oxygen consumption
among Darul Hijrah boarding school
students, using a sample of 30 boys and
30 girls from Darul Hijrah Islamic School
obtained by purposive sampling. The
VO
2
max in normal hemoglobin group
was 47.59 compared with 37.84 in low
hemoglobin group ; the differences
was statistically significant.
In the second study, VO
2
max was as-
sessed based on gender: VO
2
max
among males was 41.41; higher than
VO
2
max among females (34,41). No
statistically significant difference be-
tween groups.
Keywords: VO
2
max, haemoglobin
level, gender
CDK 2010; 37 (7) : 509-511
Local and Regional
Anaesthesia for Skin Biopsy
Yuanita Dian Utama
Dept. of Dermato-Venereology, Faculty of
Medicine, Diponegoro University / Dr Kariadi
Hospital, Semarang
Tissue biopsy in dermatology needs
meticulous planning to obtain histo-
pathology results representing all the
skin lesions, without developing any
unwanted side effect or complication.
This review will discuss the mechanism
of action and techniques of local and
regional anesthesia available to mini-
mize pain during skin biopsy.
CDK 2010; 37 (7) : 537-544
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