Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

English Summary

OSTEOPOROSIS AS A PROBLEM IN

CLIMACTERIC PERIOD

P. Gonta

Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology,

Facully of Medicine Atrncjoyo Catholic

University, Jakarta, Indonesia

Bone density loss which causes

osteoporosis may occur as a

consequence of any disturbance

of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-

ovarial axis. In the climacterium,

this disturbance is a natural

occurrence bringing osteoporo-

sis as a serious problem for

women in this period.

Osteoporotic fractures may be

predicted using special radio-

logical techniques, such as dual

photon absorptiometry (DPA)

and dual energy x-ray (DEXA). As

osteoporosis is caused by estro-

gen deficiency, it is logical to treat

osteoporolic patients with estro-

gens in the form of oral, transder-

mal or percutaneous implants

supplementation.

Non estrogen treatment with

calcitonin or biphosphonates is

still an important alternative,

especially where estrogens are

contraindicated.

Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 1996; 112:25-8

OSTEOPOROSIS

Dwi Djuwantoro

Sebelas Maret University, Faculty of

Medicine Alumnus, Surakarta, Indo-

nesia

Osteoporosis is a generalized

bone diseases characterized by

decreased osteoblastic matrix

formation combined with In-

creased osteoclastic bone re-

sorption causing a marked

decrease in the total amount of

bone in the skeleton (osteope-

nia). Increased bone resorption

may be a more important factor

than decreased osteoblaslic for-

mation.

Since generalized osteoporo-

sis represents a disturbance not

only in bone deposition but also

in bone resorption, osteoporosis is

classified based on the most

prominent factor in their etiology

and the onset of the disease,

even though the resultant skele-

tal lesion is the same.The types of

osteoporosis include postmeno-

pciusal, involutional, idiopathic,

Juvenile and secondary osteo-

porosis.

The most frequent form in

Caucasians and Asians is post-

menopausal osteoporosis, Be-

cause the survival in the

population throughout the

world in the increase this type is

the more important one. it has

been estimated That at least

one in three women over 60 will

develop an osteoporosis-

related fracture while one in six

men over the age of 75 will

develop osteoporosis.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis can

be made by history of previous

fractures, clinical symptoms and

signs,laboratory examination and

radiologic examination. Bone

biopsy is rarely needed to rule out

other metabolic bone diseases;

it is sometimes used to quantitate

bone loss.

Management should include

encouragement of physical acti-

vity throughout life, restriction of

tobacco and alcohol consump-

tion, maintenance of adequate

calcium intake, and avoidance

of oestrogen deficiency. In

osteoporosis in the elderly, it must

be remembered that hip and wrist

fracture are usually precipitated

by a fall. Steps should be taken

to reduce the incidence of falls

wherever possible; this may re-

quire review of psychotropic, anti-

hypertensive and other medica-

tions,assessment of the home and

external environment and provi -

sion of suitable aids, and evalua-

tion of visual problems. General

exercises also have a role in main-

taining balance in the elderly.

Cermin Dunia Kedokt,1996; 112:29-31

DETERMINATION OF CALIBRA-

TION FACTOR OF Cs-137

THERAPY BEAMS USING INTER-

POLATIVE METHOD

Susetyo Trijoko

National Atomic Energy Board,

Pasar Jum'at, Jakarta, Indonesia

As a recognized Secondary

Standard Dosimetry Laboratory

(SSDL) under IAEA coordination,

National Calibration Facility of

BATAN, also known as SSDL-

Jakarta, has been equipped

with NPL dosimeter system for se-

condary standard therapy level

together with Co-60 and X-ray

therapy machines. The dosimeter

system is calibrated periodically

by the Primary Standard Dosi-

metry Laboratory (PSDL). So far

the Electrotechnical Laboratory

(Bersambung ke halaman 20)

Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 112, 1996