English Summary
EFFECTS OF MYCOTOXINS ON
HEALTH
Iwan T. Budiarso
Non Communicable Diseases Research
Centre Health Research and Develop-
ment Board, Department of Health,
Jakarta, Indonesia
In 1977 the joint conference of
FAO, WHO and UNDP on myco-
toxins held in Nairobi, Kenya,
released a statement that myco-
toxins are going to be a preva-
lent and potential disease entity
in the coming decades, after all
immunisable and infectious
diseases are under control or
eradicated, particularly in those
developing countries in the tro-
pics, Since the first outbreak of
Turky X disease in England (1960),
the problem of mycotoxins and
the prevalence of mycotoxico-
ses tend to be progressively in-
creased.
The conference suggested
that 7 kinds of mycotoxins are
warranted to be investigated,
thoseare: 1.Aflatoxins, 2.Zearale-
none, 3. Ochratoxin A, 4. Trich-
thecenes, 5. Citrinin, 6, Patulin,
and 7. Penicillic acid.
Among these 7 mycotoxins. the
first 3 mycotoxins are most likely
becoming a major problem in
Indonesia which need an imme-
diate investigation in relation to
development of preventive
measures. Aflatoxins were proved
as hepatotoxic and hepatocar-
cinogenic agents. Zearalenon is
known as a potent phyto-estro-
gen which may contaminate
animal feed, and in turn the re-
sidue may accumulate in meat
milk, egg and their products.
Chronic poisoning of estrogen
caused hyperestrogenism in
female and feminism in male
animals. If infants and children
consume those contaminated
animal products during their
growth period, what would be
the result when they reach adult
hood?
Kidney disease and kidney
failure are increasing now-a-days.
Health researchers and doctors
generally related these diseases
with cardiovascular diseases, high
consumption of table salt, junk
food etc., but they never realised
that ochratoxin A can be an
important factor in this episode.
Ochratoxin A was proved as one
of the cause of porcin nephropa-
thy and Balkan nephropathy in
Europe.
Indonesia is a tropical country
which is very suitable for fungal
growth. The human factors such
as the traditional handling, stor-
ing, and transporting of post har-
vest agricultural products, as well
as traditional handling, storage,
and transporting of post harvest
agricultural products, as well as
the problem of hygiene may
contribute to the contamination
of mycotoxins. and in turn it may
cause health hazard to human
being.
Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 1995, 103: 5-10
Itb
ANTIBIOTICS RESIDUE IN COW'S
MILK FROM SEVERAL CATTLE
FARMS IN JAKARTA
Pudji Lastari, Janahar Murad
Pharmacies Research and Development
Centre, Health Research and Develop
ment Board, Department of Health.
Jakarta, Indonesia
The presence of antibiotic
residue was examined in 120
samples of cow milk taken from
10 cattle farms in Jakarta, Two
samples were taken from each
farm each month for a period of
ómonths. Outof the l2osamples
examined, 27 (22.5%) contained
antibiotic residue; 5 samples
(4.2%) contained penicillins, 6
samples (5.0%) tetracyclines, 9
samples (7.5%) aminoglycosides
and 7 samples (5.8%) macrolides.
Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 1995; 103: 15-8
Ssz
SELENOSIS IN CATTLE - ITS INFLU-
ENCE ON HUMAN HEALTH
Haril Novriani
Health Research and Development
Board, Department of Health, Jakarta.
Indonesia
One of the attempts to improve
the nutritional status of the people
in this country is to increase their
intake of animal proteins. Cattle
and sheep are much used for
their meat, so their health condi-
tion has an indirect effect on the
health of the people consuming
meat. Furthermore the develop-
ment of industries and the in-
creased use of Selenium, con-
(Bersambung ke hal 11)
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 103, 1995
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