Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No. 101, 1995
4
English Summary
CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF
CANCER PAIN
Dwi Djuwantoro
SeJangkung Community Health Center,
Sambas, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Pain is a common symptom
of cancer. One-third of cancer
patients will present with pain and
the majority will experience pain
in the last weeks of life. Cancer
pain is an important but neglect-
ed public issue in developed
and developing countries alike.
Several million cancer patients
suffer it each day through the use
a limited number of relatively
inexpensive medications. It is vi-
tal that all professionals involved
with the treatment of cancer
patients, especially those who
care for the high proportion who
eventually die of their diesease,
be familiar with the basic prin-
ciples of analysing and treating
their pain.
Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 1993; 88: 203
Dd
DOSE CALCULATION OF DIAG-
NOSTIC X-RAY USING EXPOSURE
FACTORS
Susetyo Trijoko, Suyati, Agung
Nugroho
Centre for Standardization and Radiation
Safety Research, BATAN, Pasar Jum'at,
Indonesia
Dose for diagnostic X-ray has
been calculated by using expo-
sure factors of X-ray machine.
Diagnostic X-ray machine Tanka
model RTO-125 of the Centre for
Standardization and Radiation
Safety Research (PSPKR), Batan,
was used in this experiment. The
factors considered in this work
include peak-voltage, electric
current, time exposure, field-size,
focus-detector distance, and
backscatter. Those measured
factors were then used to calcu-
late doses for various treatments.
Experimental results showed that
the calculated doses agreed
well with the direct-measurement
doses, with maximum difference
of 5.2%. So it is concluded that this
method is good and basically
could be applied for any X-ray
diagnostic machine.
Cermin Dunia Kedokt. 1993; 88:314
St, Sy, An